The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a captivating and diverse group of islands located in the Bay of Bengal, which is situated to the east of the Indian mainland. This union territory of India consists of more than 500 islands, though only about 30 are inhabited. Here’s a closer look at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
Geography
- Location: The islands are positioned roughly between 6° and 14° N latitude and 92° and 94° E longitude. The Andaman Islands are situated to the north of the Nicobar Islands, separated by the Ten Degree Channel.
- Major Islands: The largest and most well-known islands include the North Andaman, Middle Andaman, South Andaman, and the Nicobar Islands. Some key islands for tourism are Havelock Island, Neil Island, and the Nicobar Islands.
Capital and Administration
- Capital: Port Blair, located on South Andaman Island, is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It serves as the administrative and economic hub of the territory.
- Administration: The territory is administered by a Lieutenant Governor, appointed by the President of India.
History
- Colonial Era: The islands were used by the British as a penal colony during colonial rule. The infamous Cellular Jail in Port Blair was used to imprison political dissidents.
- Post-Independence: After India gained independence in 1947, the islands became a part of India’s territory. They have since been developed for tourism and conservation.
Indigenous Tribes
- Great Andamanese: Once spread over many of the Andaman Islands, now only a few remain on the northern part of the group.
- Onge: Inhabitants of Little Andaman Island, they are known for their traditional hunting and gathering lifestyle.
- Jarwa: Live in the forests of the Middle and South Andaman Islands, maintaining a semi-nomadic lifestyle.
- Sentinelese: Reside on North Sentinel Island and are one of the most isolated tribes, with limited contact with outsiders.
- Nicobarese: Inhabit the Nicobar Islands and have a distinct culture and language.
Tourism and Attractions
- Beaches: The islands are famous for their stunning beaches, such as Radhanagar Beach on Havelock Island and Kalapeni Beach in the Nicobar group.
- Marine Life: The clear waters and coral reefs offer excellent opportunities for snorkeling and scuba diving.
- Historical Sites: The Cellular Jail in Port Blair, which was used during the British colonial era, is a significant historical site.
- National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries: The territory includes several protected areas, such as the Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park and the Rani Jhansi Marine National Park.
Climate
- Tropical: The climate is tropical, characterized by high humidity and temperatures ranging from 23°C to 31°C (73°F to 88°F) year-round.
- Seasons: The islands experience a monsoon season from May to October and a dry season from November to April.
